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You can bid before the auction through liveauctioneers.com, invaluable.com, auctionzip.com, as a phone bid caller, absentee bidder or in person bidder on the day of the auction in our Fort Myers gallery. Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale All property offered and sold through South Florida Auctions ('Auctioneer', or 'Broker', or the 'Company') shall be offered and sold on the terms and conditions set forth in these Conditions of Sale. By participating in any sale, you acknowledge that you are bound by these terms and conditions. 1. South Florida Auctions has made every effort to catalogue and describe accurately property to be sold. The Company, however, assumes no risk, liability or responsibility for the identification or authenticity or authorship, or weight, count, or measure of any property identified in its catalogue or lists of sale. 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BUYER PAYS SHIPPING COSTS. For most coins, jewelry and smalls we will ship ourselves at very competitive prices. For HANDGUNS, there will be a $50 charge for extra paperwork handling but will include shipping. For guns, you have to contact us with information from your local gun dealer or FFL License holder, as they are the only people we can ship them to. FOR LARGER ITEMS ONLY, we will have our shipper contact you, in case she does not, her number is 239-433-0777. NO INTERNATIONAL OR CALIFORNIA SHIPPING OF IVORY. NO INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING OF IVORY OR GUNS. Thank you very much for bidding with us!
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Austin Sculpture 1982, Acoma Indian Series Mother and
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Austin Sculpture 1982, Acoma Indian Series Mother and Child 'Freedom Spirit'.ï¾ Measures approximately 26.5' x 10' x 8' and is in good used condition. The felt on the bottom is pull away slightly but there are no other known signs of defects or quality issues. RPT
Shipping
Buyer Pays ALL Shipping, Handling and Packaging Cost!!Rapid Estate Auction Gallery welcomes buyer to pick the best shipping option for the item(s)they purchase.Rapid Estate Auction Gallery can package and ship certain items, if contacted to do so. Rapid Estate Auction Gallery will collect the shipping and handling/packaging fee separately after buyer has paid for their item(s). Rapid Estate Auction Gallery is not responsible for any damage or losses regarding shipping. The buyer will need to contact Rapid Estate Auction Gallery to file any insured claims, but Rapid Estate Auction Gallery takes on no liability with the process after the claim is filed and cannot guarantee a positive result.If you choose Rapid Estate Auction Gallery to provide the shipping service, we will try to use recycled materials to save cost if available, however, if new materials are needed or used that cost will be charged within the packaging fees. The service is being done by Rapid Estate Auction Gallery employees as a separate agreement to the purchase of the items and the buyer accepts and acknowledges that these employees are not professional shippers. If your item(s) needs extra care you should contact one of the preferred shipping companies or a company of your choice. On average the handling fee starts at $20 per order but can go up.Rapid Estate Auction Gallery preferred vendor:Freight Shipper:Go NavisRon Howe920 W. 2nd St.Lakeland, FL [email protected] companies in the area: The UPS Store #61822014 Edgewater DriveOrlando, FL [email protected]: 407-601-6969Fax: 407-601-6970Please note that ALL Property must be removed within five (5) Days following the auction date purchased from. Property not removed within this time frame will be charged a storage fee of $25 Per Day. If the item is not removed within 10 days following the last day of the auction, the item will be converted to Rapid Estate Auction Gallery Ownership, as forfeited merchandise. There will NOT be any money returned to the buyer.Rapid Estate Auction Gallery can accept no liability of loss or damage of goods once they leave the auction premise. All claims must be pursued through the shipping company.You are also welcome to schedule a time to pick up the items by contacting 407-468-8285 or 407-295-6334.ALL Firearm Transactions will be processed and shipped by Always Armed, as the preferred gun broker for Rapid Estate Auction Gallery. Most handguns will be transferred and shipped for $60/each and most long guns will be transferred and shipped for $70/each. Buyer will be required to send in a FFL from their local broker.In-house handling charges will be $20+. At the discretion of the owner, it may be lowered for those that have a very easy shipping item. In-house shipping uses FedEx and USPS (and will check both for best rate).In-house shipping can take up to 2 weeks after shipping amount has been paid, not including the actual shipping time from FedEx and USPS.
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1. All Property is sold as-is, where is. All Sales are Final. The bidder is responsible for determining all aspects of the item they are bidding on. No statement in the online catalogue or made at the sale or in the Bill of Sale or invoice or elsewhere shall be deemed such a warranty or representation or an admission of liability. Moreover, the Auctioneer will not be held responsible for any variations in appearance of online photographs.2.) Written or verbal descriptions by the auctioneer or any member of the Rapid Estate Auction Gallery Team is ONLY an opinion and should not be taken as any sort of guarantee or warranty. The authenticity and all other questions regarding the item(s) will be left with the bidder to confirm and bid accordingly. If you have questions, Rapid Estate Auction Gallery recommends that you do not bid prior to those questions being answered.3.) Rapid Estate Auction Gallery will NOT give any refund under any circumstance. If the buyer would like to place the item in an upcoming auction that they purchased, they would be required to pay Rapid Estate Auction Gallery the normal commission rate and complete all contracts as a different consignor.4.) All items MUST be paid the day of the auction unless written approval given by the owner of Rapid Estate Auction Gallery prior to the sale or if ONLINE Bid within 48 Hours. 5.)All sales are subject to Florida Sales Tax (.065%) if purchased within the State of Florida unless a current Florida Certificate of Resale is on file (Hard Copy) at the time of registration. There is no exception. Please Note: The State of Florida has no arrangement of reciprocity with any other jurisdiction and the Auctioneer cannot honor a Sales Tax number from any other jurisdiction.6.) All sales are subject to a 22% Buyers Premium added to the Hammer Price.7.) The buyer will be the highest bidder LIVE or ONLINE. Should a tie or dispute arise, the auctioneer, at their discretion, will reopen the bidding between the high bidders until the property is sold.8.) The Auctioneer nor the consignor shall be liable for any personal injury on the premises where the auction is taking place, including but not limited to the removal of auction items from the premises.9.) Rapid Estate Auction Gallery and/or the Auctioneer reserve the right to reject any bid that is deemed inappropriate or withdraw any item before or during the sale.10.) Auctioneer may recommend or facilitate the employment of packers and shippers as a convenience to the buyer, but assumes no responsibility of their actions or damaged caused by those individuals. Please note that ALL Property must be removed within five (5) Days following the auction date purchased from. Property not removed within this time frame will be charged a storage fee of $25 Per Day. If the item is not removed within 10 days following the last day of the auction, the item will be converted to Rapid Estate Auction Gallery Ownership, as forfeited merchandise. There will NOT be any money returned to the buyer. Rapid Estate Auction Gallery can accept no liability of loss or damage goods once they leave the auction premise. All claims must be pursued through the shipper of choice. 11.) Buyer hereby agrees that any suit, action or legal proceeding arising out of/or relating to the auction shall be brought solely and exclusively in the courts of the State of Florida in and for Orange County. Buyer further waives the right of jury trial, considering arbitration and reasonable means of reconciliation foremost.12.) Your registration and attendance at the auction guarantees that you have read and will abide by the terms and conditions. .13.) When the auctioneer states, Sold, title on the property shall pass to the successful bidder, who thereupon assumes full risk and responsibility. The winning bidder, at their own risk and expense, shall remove said property.14.) ALL Firearms must be processed through the authorized gun broker, chosen by Rapid Estate Auction Gallery. The winning bidder must past all record checks and will pay the gun broker any additional fees for background check, transfer and shipping of item(s).
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Estimate $150 - $400May 24, 2018
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Austin Sculpture Native Indian Woman Art Structure
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Topless woman at the 2008 Oregon Country Fair
Toplessness refers to the state in which a woman's breasts, including her areola and nipples, are exposed, especially in a public place or in a visual medium. The male equivalent is barechestedness, also commonly called shirtlessness.
Exposed breasts were and are normal in many indigenous societies. However, developed countries have social norms around female modesty, often enforced by legal statutes, that require women to cover their breasts in public. In many jurisdictions, women who expose their breasts can be prosecuted for indecent exposure, although public breastfeeding is often exempted from public indecency laws.
Social norms around toplessness vary by context and location. Throughout history, women's breasts have been featured in art and visual media, from painting and sculpture to film and photography, and such representations are generally defended on the grounds of artistic merit. Toplessness may also be deemed acceptable on educational, medical, or political grounds. At many beaches and resort destinations, especially in Europe and Australia, women are either formally or informally permitted to sunbathe topless. However, societies tend to view breast exposure unfavorably, and subject it to stringent regulations or prohibitions, if its intent is perceived to be sexual arousal.
- 1Usage and connotations
- 2Traditional societies
- 3In Western culture
- 5In popular culture and the arts
Usage and connotations[edit]
The word 'topless' usually refers to a woman who is naked above her waist or hips or, at least, whose breasts are exposed to public view, specifically including her areola and nipples. It can describe a woman who appears, poses, or performs with at least her breasts exposed, such as a 'topless model' or 'topless dancer', or to an activity undertaken while not wearing a top, such as 'topless sunbathing'. It may indicate a designated location where one might expect to find women not wearing tops, such as a 'topless beach' or 'topless bar'. It can also be used to describe a garment that is specifically designed to reveal the breasts, such as the 'topless swimsuit' (also known as the monokini) designed by Rudi Gernreich in the 1960s.[1]
Two Tahitian Women (1899) by Paul Gauguin
The word 'topless' may carry sexual or exhibitionist connotations. Because of this, advocates of women's legal right to uncover their breasts wherever men may go bare-chested have adopted the alternative term 'topfree', which is not perceived to have these connotations.[2][3]
Among Himba of northern Namibia (left) and Hamar (right) of southern Ethiopia, it is a social norm for women to be bare-breasted.
Two Wichita Native Americans in summer dress (1870)
Barechestedness[edit]
Barechestedness is the state of a man wearing no clothes above the waist, exposing the upper torso. Bare male chests are generally considered acceptable at beaches, swimming pools and sunbathing areas. However, some stores and restaurants have a 'no shirt, no service' rule to prevent barechested men from coming inside. While going barechested at outdoor activities may be acceptable, it is taboo at office workplaces, churches and other settings.[citation needed]
In most societies, barechestedness is much more common than toplessness, as exposure of the male pectoral muscles is often considered to be far less taboo than of the female breasts, despite some considering them equally erogenous. Male barechestedness is often due to practical reasons such as heat, or the ability to move the body without being restricted by an upper body garment. In several sports it is encouraged or even obligatory to be barechested. Barechestedness may also be used as a display of power, or to draw attention to oneself, especially if the upper body muscles are well-developed.[citation needed]
Traditional societies[edit]
Attitudes towards toplessness have varied considerably across cultures and over time. The lack of clothing above the waist for both females and males was the norm in traditional cultures of North America, Africa, Australia and the Pacific Islands until the arrival of Christian missionaries, and it continues to be the norm in many indigenous cultures today. The practice was also the norm in various Asian cultures before Muslim expansion in the 13th and 14th centuries.[4]
India[edit]
In many parts of northern India before the Muslim conquest of India, upper-class women in Maharashtra and the Ganges basin were fully clothed, while lower-class women were topless.[5][6] The Malayali people of Kerala required Hindu women other than Brahmins, Kshatriya and Syrian Christians to strip to the waist in public until 1858 when the Kingdom of Travancore granted all women the right to cover their breasts in public.[7]
Austin Sculpture Native Indian Woman Photos
Toplessness was the norm for women among several indigenous peoples of South India until the 19th or early 20th century, including the Tamils along the Coromandel Coast, Tiyan and other peoples on the Malabar Coast, Kadar of Cochin Island, Toda, Nayar, Cheruman (Pulayar), Kuruba, Koraga, Nicobarese, and the Uriya.[8]
Thailand[edit]
In Thailand, the government of Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsonggram issued a series of cultural standards between 1939 and 1942. Mandate 10 issued on 8 September 1941 instructed Thai people to not appear in public places 'without being appropriately dressed'. Inappropriate dress included 'wearing no shirt or wearing a wraparound cloth'.[9][10] Before the introduction of Western dress codes, Thai women were depicted both fully clothed and topless in public. Until the early 20th century, women from northern Thailand wore a long tube-skirt (Pha-Sin), tied high above their waist and below their breasts, which were uncovered. In the late 19th century the influence of missionaries and modernization under King Chulalongkorn encouraged local women to cover their breasts with blouses.[11]
Laos[edit]
In Laos, Henri Mouhot took a picture in 1858 of Laotian women that depicted virgins with clothed breasts and married women with their entire breasts exposed in public, because the baring of breasts for breastfeeding was considered to be nonsexual.[12]
Sea Dayaks (Iban) women from Rejang, Sarawak, Indonesia (c. 1910)
Indonesia[edit]
In the Indonesian region, toplessness was the norm among the Dayak, Javanese, and the Balinese people of Indonesia before the introduction of Islam and contact with Western cultures. In Javanese and Balinese societies, women had gone topless to work or rest comfortably. Among the Dayak, only big breasted women or married women with sagging breasts covered their breasts because their breasts interfered with their work.[8][clarification needed]
Middle East[edit]
In most Middle Eastern countries, toplessness has not been socially accepted since at least the beginning of Islam (7th century), because of Islamic standards for female modesty. However, toplessness was the norm in some pre-Islamic cultures in Arabia, Egypt, Assyria and Mesopotamia. Tunisia and Egypt are an exception among Arabic states, allowing foreign tourists to swim topless on private beaches.[13]
Africa[edit]
Among Himba women of northern Namibia and Hamar of southern Ethiopia, besides other traditional groups in Africa, the social norm is for women to be bare-breasted. Female toplessness can also constitute an important aspect of indigenous cultural celebrations. For example, in the annual Reed Dance festival mature girls between the ages of 16 and 20 dance topless before the Zulu king.[14]
Australia[edit]
Traditional topless practices can lead to cross-cultural and legal conflict. In 2004, Australian police banned members of the Papunya community from using a public park in the city of Alice Springs to practice a traditional Aboriginal dance that included topless women.[15]
South Pacific[edit]
In the South Pacific, toplessness was common prior to contact with Western missionaries, but is less common today. On the French territory of Moorea, toplessness is common.[16] In the Marshall Islands, women were traditionally topless before contact with Western missionaries and still do not sexually objectify female breasts as is common in much of Western society.[17] Marshall Island women typically swim in their muumuus which today are made of a fine polyester that dries quickly.[18] Wearing of bikinis and one-piece, breast-covering swimsuits in the Marshall Islands is mainly seen at Western, restricted-access beaches and swimming pools like those at private resorts or on United States government facilities on the Kwajalein Atoll within the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site.[19][20]
In Western culture[edit]
In much of contemporary Western society, it is not culturally acceptable for women to expose their nipples and areola in public. In most Western societies, once girls enter adolescence, it is the social norm for them to behave modestly and cover their breasts in public. Until recent times, women who went topless were cited for indecent exposure or lewdness. Women and the law in most western countries generally do not regard breasts as indecent.[citation needed] However, wearing a top in public is a social norm and most women are reluctant to go against it. The strictness of the etiquette varies depending on the social context. For example, at specific cultural events the norm may be relaxed, such as at Fantasy Fest, at Mardi Gras in New Orleans and at the Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro. The same may also apply at designated topless beaches.[citation needed]
Agnès Sorel, known to appear topless in the French court, was the model for Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels, by Jean Fouquet (c. 1450)
Public breast-baring fashions[edit]
In many European societies between the Renaissance and the 19th century, exposed breasts were acceptable while a woman's bared legs, ankles or shoulders were considered risqué.[21] During the Renaissance, many artists were strongly influenced by classical Greek styles and culture,[22] and images of nude and semi-nude subjects in many forms proliferated in art, sculpture and architecture of the period.[22] In aristocratic and upper-class circles the display of breasts also invoked associations with classical Greek nude sculptures and art and a classic breast shape was at times regarded as a status symbol, as a sign of beauty, wealth or social position. To maintain youthful-looking bosoms women could employ wet nurses to breastfeed their children.[23]
Breast-baring female fashions have been traced to 15th-century courtesan Agnès Sorel, mistress to Charles VII of France, whose gowns in the French court sometimes exposed one or both of her breasts. (Jean Fouquet's portrayal of the Virgin Mary with her left breast uncovered is believed to have taken Sorel as a model.) Aristocratic women sought to immortalise their breasts in paint, as in the case of Simonetta Vespucci, whose portrait with exposed breasts was painted by Piero di Cosimo in c.1480. During the 16th century, women's fashions displaying their breasts were common in society, from Queens to common prostitutes, and emulated by all classes.[24]
Similar fashions became popular in England during the 17th century when they were worn by Queen Mary II and by Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I of England, for whom architect Inigo Jones designed a masque costume that fully revealed both of her breasts.[22]
In a survey of 190 different societies, researches found that very few associated exposed breasts with sexuality, but that there was an insistence that women conceal their breasts.[25] Different standards apply to art, with one example being the dome of the United States Capitol featuring an 1865 fresco depicting goddesses with their breasts exposed.[citation needed]
Social attitudes[edit]
Although some social attitudes to increased body exposure began to soften during the late 1960s, contemporary Western societies still generally view toplessness unfavorably. During a short period in 1964, 'topless' dress designs appeared at fashion shows, but those who wore the dresses in public found themselves arrested on indecency charges.[26] However, toplessness has come to be a feature in contemporary haute couture fashion shows.
The Imitation of Christ fashion line incorporated toplessness in its 2002 fashion show, which brought comparisons to Vanessa Beecroft's art.[27]
A wide-ranging review of 190 different societies during 1951 found that few insisted that women conceal their breasts. In Europe, topless swimming and sunbathing on public beaches has become socially acceptable. In 1994-95, Australian researchers asked 118 college-age students to rate the behavior of women who go topless on an 8-point scale, ranging from 'Women should have the same right to topless as men' to 'Topless women are exhibitionists'. They found that 88% of Australian university students of either gender considered it acceptable for women to go topless on public beaches, although they felt that women exposing their breasts in other contexts, such as public parks, was inappropriate.[25][28] They did not find a correlation between exposed breasts and sexuality in social situations.
A more recent study of 116 college-age women in Australia found that those who had gone topless were more accepting of toplessness generally, more sexual, and had higher self-esteem and higher body image.[25] In contemporary society, the extent to which a woman may expose her breasts depends on social and cultural context. Women's swimsuits and bikinis commonly reveal the tops and sides of the breasts. Displaying cleavage is considered permissible in many settings, and is even a sign of elegance and sophistication on many formal social occasions, but it may be prohibited by dress codes in settings such as workplaces and schools, where sexualized displays of the female breast may be considered inappropriate. In a number of cultures, including Europe and other Westernized countries outside the United States, there are fewer social restrictions against sunbathing or swimming topless.[29]
In Canada, a poll in 1992 found that 38% favored general female public toplessness. Following that survey, several legal rulings in Canadian courts from 1996 to 2000 made public toplessness legal, but very few women go topless in public.[30]
Some cultures have even begun to expand social prohibitions on female toplessness to prepubescent and even infant girls. This trend toward covering the female nipple from infancy onward is particularly noticeable in the United States, Eastern Asia and the Middle East, but is much less common in Europe.[31]
Legality[edit]
Around the world, it is common for women to breastfeed in public.[32] In the United States during the 1990s and later, there were a number of legal incidents where women were harassed or cited for exposing their breasts while breastfeeding in public. A public backlash spurred legislators in some jurisdictions to specifically legalize public breastfeeding. The federal government passed a law in 1999 that specifically provides that 'a woman may breastfeed her child at any location in a Federal building or on Federal property, if the woman and her child are otherwise authorized to be present at the location.'[33] Some women have engaged in acts of 'lactivism', or acts of politically motivated public breastfeeding, to assert these rights.[34]
In many indigenous, non-Western cultures it is generally acceptable for both men and women to go without clothing that covers the torso. Female toplessness can also be a traditional aspect in indigenous cultural celebrations. However, this can lead to cross-cultural and legal conflict. During 2004, Australian police banned female members of the Papunya community from using a public park in the city of Alice Springs to practice a traditional Aboriginal dance while topless.[15]
Many societies consider women who expose their nipples and areola as immodest and contrary to social norms. Most jurisdictions do not have laws prohibiting toplessness directly, but in many jurisdictions a topless woman may be socially or officially harassed or cited for public lewdness, indecent exposure, public indecency or disorderly conduct.[35] Enforcement of such standards is subject to community standards, which are subject to change over time. Most prosecutions commence with a complaint being made to the police by a member of the public, and a judge would be required to adjudicate as to the indecency etc. of the exposure.[citation needed]
In the United States, GoTopless.org claims that women have the same constitutional right to be bare chested in public places as men. They further claim constitutional equality between men and women on being topless in public. They have successfully joined in legal challenges that have resulted in laws permitting women to expose their breasts just as men do in New York State and in Ontario, Canada. In 2009, they used 26 August (Women's Equality Day), as a day of national protest.[36] The topfreedom movement has claimed success in a few instances in persuading federal courts in the United States to overturn some state laws on the basis of sex discrimination, arguing that a woman should be free to expose her chest in any context in which a man can expose his. In March 2008, after a year-long campaign by a pressure group, the Topless Front, Copenhagen's Culture and Leisure Committee concluded that there were no regulations against topless bathing by women in public swimbaths, thus no reason to specifically allow it.[37] Also in 2008, the city council in Vancouver, British Columbia, location of the World Naked Bike Ride, gave women the right to go topless in public, not solely at swimming pools and beaches.[38]
In 2009, members of the Swedish feminist organization Bara Bröst (Just Breast or Bare Breast) went topless at the city pools in Malmö, Sweden. This triggered a vote by the city's sports and recreation committee, which backed away from requiring women to wear a top, only stipulating that everyone must wear a swimsuit. Their ruling allows women in Sweden to swim topless in Malmö's public swimming pools.[39][40] 'We don't decide what men should do with their torso, why then do women have to listen to the men. Moreover, many men have larger breasts than women', the committee chair said.[41]
FEMEN rally (2012)
As a form of liberation[edit]
While an exposed breast in public can have many associated connotations, some women in America today argue the exposed breast is a symbol of liberation. They speak against the proposed notion that their rightful place was below their male counterparts. Throughout the late 20th Century, more and more women began to link the struggle for female equality and the repossession of the female body. This can be especially seen in the work of Second Wave Feminists beginning in the early 1960s.[citation needed]
The reaction to exposed breast as a symbol of liberation was two-sided. Women who took part in the movement expressed their desire to turn attention away from the excessive eroticization of the female body in American popular culture to more essential societal needs.[42] Opposition to the braless movement ironically viewed it as an attack to American morals and public decency. The bralessness movement evolved into a bare-breasted movement, which became another way for women to 'thumb one's nose at society'.[42] While some women exposed their breasts individually, there was also an upsurge in topless demonstrations used to gather public attention for women's issues such as pornography and sexism.[42] The sexualization of the breast is found only in a few Western nations, and this, many women argue, causes women to turn to plastic surgery and view their breasts as determinants of beauty rather than potentially nourishing life forces.[43] Because of this, women are able to liberate their breasts as a way to gain attention, make political statements, and combat breast exposure laws' reinforcement of the supposed uncontrollable seductive nature of women's breasts.[citation needed]
As a form of protest[edit]
In Western countries, toplessness in public often generates media coverage, leading some female political demonstrators to deliberately expose their breasts in public to draw media and public attention to their cause. For example, in January 2012, three members of the Ukrainian protest group FEMEN attracted worldwide media attention after they staged a topless protest at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.[44]
Topless swimwear[edit]
Topless swimmer on a secluded beach at East Devon, UK
Woman wearing Rudi Gernreich's original monokini design
Toplessness in a public place is most commonly practised or encountered near water, either as part of a swimming activity or sunbathing. The introduction of the bikini in 1946 and increasingly common glamour shots of popular actresses and models on either side of the Atlantic wearing the minimal swimsuit design played a large part in bringing the bikini and sunbathing into the mainstream.[45][46]
Best critical thinking books. In 1964, fashion designer Rudi Gernreich went further and designed and produced a topless swimsuit, which he called the 'monokini' in the United States.[47] Gernreich's monokini consisted primarily of a brief, close-fitting bottom that 'extended from the midriff to the upper thigh'[48] and was 'held up by shoestring laces that make a halter around the neck'.[49] It first appeared in print in Look magazine, introducing the concept of a topless swimsuit into commercial fashion.[50][51][52] He later said he didn't really mean for the swimsuit to be popular as it was, but rather as a fantastical concept and prediction of the future.[53] '[Women] drop their bikini tops already,' he said, 'so it seemed like the natural next step.'[53] A photograph of Peggy Moffitt, the famous model for the suit, appeared in Women's Wear Daily, Life and numerous other publications.[54]
Despite the negative reaction of fashion critics and church officials, shoppers purchased about 3000 of his swimsuit design at $24 each that summer, though the only woman reported as having worn it to a beach in the United States was arrested.[55] The novelty of the design caught significant attention. Life writer Shana Alexander noted in an article about the introduction of the monokini in July 1964, 'One funny thing about toplessness is that it really doesn't have much to do with breasts. Breasts of course are not absurd; topless swimsuits are. Lately people keep getting the two things mixed up.'[56]
Cannes beach (1980)
![Austin Sculpture Native Indian Woman Austin Sculpture Native Indian Woman](/uploads/1/2/3/7/123714263/376925180.jpg)
The topless swimsuit failed to catch on in the United States.[57] The Soviet government called it 'barbarism' and a sign of social 'decay'. The New York City Police Department was strictly instructed to arrest any woman wearing a swimsuit by the commissioner of parks.[58] In Chicago, a 19-year-old female beachgoer was fined US$100 for wearing a topless swimsuit on a public beach.[58] Copious coverage of the event helped to send the image of exposed breasts across the world. Women's clubs and the church were particularly active in their condemnation.[58] In Italy and Spain, the Catholic Church warned against the topless fashion.[59] In France in 1964, Roger Frey led the prosecution of the use of the monokini, describing it as 'a public offense against the sense of decency, punishable according to article 330 of the penal code. Consequently, the police chiefs must employ the services of the police so that the women who wear this bathing suit in public places are prosecuted.'[60][61] At St. Tropez on the French Riviera, where toplessness later became the norm, the mayor ordered police to ban toplessness and to watch over the beach via helicopter.[58]Jean-Luc Godard, a founding mover of French New Wave cinema, incorporated a shot of a woman in a topless swimsuit on the Riviera into his film A Married Woman, but it was edited out by the censors.[62]
A number of Caribbean locations, especially those that were formerly French and Dutch colonies, permit nude and topless sunbathing, like the French West Indies islands of St. Barths, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and St. Maarten.[63]
Topless sunbathing slowly spread to other Western countries throughout Europe and Australia, many of which now allow topless sunbathing on some or all of their beaches, either through legal statute or by generally accepted practice, and beaches were designated for nude or topless bathers. A topless, or top-optional, beach differs from a nude beach in that beach goers of both sexes are required to keep their genital area covered, although females have the option to remove their tops without fearing legal prosecution or official harassment.[citation needed]
However, media reports in recent years note that the number of women sunbathing topless on French beaches has markedly declined, and that younger French women have become more disapproving of exposing breasts in public.[64] While parts of Europe, such as Germany, Spain or Britain are generally considered to have a liberal attitude towards toplessness, surveys show there is considerable resistance to its acceptance in neighbouring countries. Sweden is for example a country where tolerance is very low for toplessness after a brief period of popularity in the 1970s and into the 80s.[65] Many of the Swedes surveyed by Skyscanner in 2010 found public toplessness 'indecent' and 'offensive'.[66]
In popular culture and the arts[edit]
Josephine Baker topless (1927)
The Ladybirds performing in Bergen, Norway (1968)
Neo-Burlesque dancer with pasties (2007)
Entertainment[edit]
The French have traditionally been relaxed with nudity and toplessness in entertainment, and dancers and actresses performed topless during the 1910s and beyond in musical theater and cinema. Toplessness in entertainment has survived to this day at the Folies Bergère and the Moulin Rouge. Some female groups have also performed topless, such as the two female groups called The Ladybirds (one in San Francisco (es) and another in Copenhagen (es)), which performed topless in the late 1960s.[67]
Women are also at times employed in adult-only venues to perform or pose topless in forms of commercial erotic entertainment. Such venues can range from downmarket strip clubs and topless bars to upmarket cabarets, such as the Moulin Rouge. Topless entertainment may also include competitions such as wet T-shirt contests, especially during Spring break in the United States, in which women display their breasts through translucent wet fabric—and may end up removing their T-shirts in front of the audience.[citation needed]
Female toplessness has also become somewhat common during Mardi Gras in New Orleans[68] during which women 'flash' (briefly expose) their breasts in return for strings of plastic beads,[69] and at Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro, where floats occasionally feature topless women.[70]
Pasties are sometimes worn by erotic dancers or burlesque entertainers to give the impression of toplessness while avoiding prosecution under local public indecency laws which prohibit exposure of the nipple and areola. To stay within the law, liquid latex pasties may be used.[71] Pasties may be worn by neo-burlesque performers and are also found in night clubs, fetish parties and parades, such as Pride Parades.
Michele Merkin in a glamour shoot, using a 'handbra'
Media and photography[edit]
In many Western cultures today, images of topless women are regularly featured in magazines, calendars, and other print media, often covering their breasts in a 'handbra', that is, the use of the woman's hands or arms to cover their breasts, especially the nipples and areolae. In the United Kingdom, following a tradition established by the British newspaper The Sun in 1970, several mainstream tabloid newspapers feature topless female models on their third page, known as Page 3 girls.[citation needed] The subject of glamour photography is often a topless woman.[citation needed]
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Photographers such as Jock Sturges and Bill Henson have been prosecuted or been embroiled in controversy for producing images of topless teen girls as part of their ongoing work.[72]
Cinema[edit]
In the 1920s, nudity, including toplessness, was featured in some Hollywood silent films as well as on the stage, though not without objections from various groups, and several jurisdictions in the United States and elsewhere set up film censorship boards to censor films. In the 1930s, the Hays Code brought an end in Hollywood films to nudity in all its forms. To remain within the censors' guidelines or community standards of decency and modesty, breasts of actresses in an otherwise topless scene would be covered, especially the nipples and areolae, with their hands (using a 'handbra' stance), arms, towel, pasties, some other object, or the angle of the body in relation to the camera.[citation needed]
Film making in other centres were not subject to the Hays Code, but were subject to various national censorship regimes. The Italian film Era lui.. sì! sì! (1951), for example, also had a French version which included topless actresses in the harem scene. This version was especially made for the French market, where censorship was less rigorous than in Italy.[73] Social and official attitudes to toplessness and nudity had eased by the 1960s and the Hays Code came under repeated challenge. For example, in Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) all Tahitian girls were topless and there was a long native dance scene, though the topless female dancers' breasts were covered by leis. The historical epic film Hawaii (1966) also featured scenes of topless native girls, their breasts being strategically covered by leis.[citation needed]
In 1968 the Hays Code was replaced by the MPAA film rating system. Women now appear topless in mainstream cinema, although usually somewhat briefly. Film critic Roger Ebert argued that there was a double standard in relation to the toplessness of 'native' women. He wrote that the producers of Rapa-Nui (1994), which featured repeated scenes of bare-breasted native women, got away with ongoing toplessness because of the women's brown skin:
Rapa Nui slips through the National Geographic Loophole. This is the Hollywood convention which teaches us that brown breasts are not as sinful as white ones, and so while it may be evil to gaze upon a blond Playboy centerfold and feel lust in our hearts, it is educational to watch Polynesian maidens frolicking topless in the surf. This isn't sex; it's geography.[74]
Besides those actresses who have appeared nude or partially nude in films, it has also become increasingly common for actresses to appear topless in movies. Notable actresses who have appeared topless include Jane Fonda (Coming Home, 1978), Julie Andrews (S.O.B., 1981), Kate Winslet (Titanic, 1997), Gwyneth Paltrow (Shakespeare in Love, 1998), Reese Witherspoon (Twilight, 1998), Rene Russo (The Thomas Crown Affair, 1999), Katie Holmes (The Gift, 2000), and Halle Berry (Swordfish, 2001). In an interview in March 2007, Halle Berry said that her toplessness in Swordfish was 'gratuitous' to the movie, but that she needed to do the scene to get over her fear of nudity, and that it was the best thing she did for her career. Having overcome her inhibitions, she went on to a role in Monster's Ball, which included a nude scene and which won her an Oscar for Best Actress.[75] Some actresses prefer not to expose their breasts and use a body double.[76]
Pasties were and may still be worn by some actresses while filming an otherwise apparently topless or nude scene, which is not caught by the camera angle.[citation needed]
Video games[edit]
Topless dancing[edit]
Topless women in a Mexican strip club
On 12 June 1964, the San Francisco Chronicle featured a woman wearing a monokini with her exposed breasts on its first page.[58] Two weeks later on 22 June 1964, Carol Doda started dancing topless wearing a monokini (designed by Rudi Gernreich) at the Condor Club in San Francisco's North Beach district. Her debut as a topless dancer was featured in Playboy magazine in April 1965. Doda was the first modern topless dancer in the United States,[58]:25 renewing the burlesque era of the early 20th Century in the U.S. San Francisco MayorJohn Shelley said, 'topless is at the bottom of porn.'[77] Within a few days, women were baring their breasts in many of the clubs lining San Francisco's Broadway St., ushering in the era of the topless bar.[77]
San Francisco public officials tolerated the topless bars until 22 April 1965, when the San Francisco Police Department arrested Doda on indecency charges. Hundreds of protesters gathered outside the police department, calling for release of both Doda and free speech activist Mario Savio, held in the same station.[77] Doda rapidly became a symbol of sexual freedom, while topless restaurants, shoeshine parlors, ice-cream stands and girl bands proliferated in San Francisco and elsewhere. Journalist Earl Wilson wrote in his syndicated column, 'Are we ready for girls in topless gowns? Heck, we may not even notice them.' English designers created topless evening gowns inspired by the idea.[58] The San Francisco Examiner published a real estate advertisement that promised 'bare top swimsuits are possible here'.[77]
The arts[edit]
The artifacts in the Ancient Siam open-air museum near Bangkok depict Thai women topless. The Ramakien Mural representing the epic lives of the Thai people found at the Wat Phra Kaew Temple depict women wearing only a skirt in public.[citation needed]
As a result of the Renaissance, in many European societies artists were strongly influenced by classical Greek styles and culture.[22] As a result, images of nude and semi-nude subjects in many forms proliferated in art and sculpture.[citation needed]
During the Victorian era, French Orientalist painters such as Jean-Léon Gérôme presented an idealized depiction of female toplessness in Muslim harem baths,[78] while Eugène Delacroix, a French romantic artist, invoked images of liberty as a topless woman.
- Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci
(c.1480)
by Piero di Cosimo - Wild Women with Unicorn
(c. 1500–1510) - Portrait of a Woman
by Bartolomeo Veneto,
(traditionally assumed to be Lucrezia Borgia) - Liberty Leading the People
(1830)
by Eugène Delacroix - Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts
(c. 1878)
by Édouard Manet - Diana the Huntress
by Gaston Casimir Saint-Pierre - Harem Pool
by Jean-Léon Gérôme - Portrait of a Gipsy Maiden
(1870)
by Carol Szathmari
In religion[edit]
A 'Snake Goddess' statuette of ancient Minoan Civilization (c. 1600 BC)
In European pre-historic societies, sculptures of female figures with pronounced or highly exaggerated breasts were common. A typical example is the so-called Venus of Willendorf, one of many Venus figurines from the Paleolithic era with ample hips and bosom. Artifacts such as bowls, rock carvings and sacred statues with breasts have been recorded from 15,000 BC up to late antiquity all across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Many female deities representing love and fertility were associated with breasts and breast milk. Figures of the Phoenician goddess Astarte were represented as pillars studded with breasts. Isis, an Egyptian goddess who represented, among many other things, ideal motherhood, was often portrayed as suckling pharaohs, thereby confirming their divine status as rulers. Even certain male deities representing regeneration and fertility were occasionally depicted with breast-like appendices, such as the river god Hapy who was considered to be responsible for the annual overflowing of the Nile. Female breasts were also prominent in the Minoan civilization in the form of the famous Snake Goddess statuettes.[citation needed]
In Ancient Greece there were several cults worshiping the 'Kourotrophos', the suckling mother, represented by goddesses such as Gaia, Hera and Artemis. The worship of deities symbolized by the female breast in Greece became less common during the first millennium. The popular adoration of female goddesses decreased significantly during the rise of the Greek city states, a legacy which was passed on to the later Roman Empire.[79]
During the middle of the first millennium BC, Greek culture experienced a gradual change in the perception of female breasts. Women in art were covered in clothing from the neck down, including female goddesses like Athena, the patron of Athens who represented heroic endeavor. There were exceptions: Aphrodite, the goddess of love, was more frequently portrayed fully nude, though in postures that were intended to portray shyness or modesty, a portrayal that has been compared to modern pin-ups by historian Marilyn Yalom.[80] Although nude men were depicted standing upright, most depictions of female nudity in Greek art occurred 'usually with drapery near at hand and with a forward-bending, self-protecting posture'.[81] A popular legend at the time was of the Amazons, a tribe of fierce female warriors who socialized with men only for procreation and even removed one breast to become better warriors. The legend was a popular motif in art during Greek and Roman antiquity and served as an antithetical cautionary tale.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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- ^Staff (20 January 2013). 'What is Topfreedom?'. 007b.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^Fernando, Romesh (15 November 1992). 'The Garb of Innocence: A Time of Toplessness'. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ^Hyecho. 'Wang ocheonchukguk jeon' of AD.727
- ^A. L. Bhasham. 'The Wonder That Was India'
- ^W. Crooke. 'Nudity in India in Custom and Ritual', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 1919. p. 239f
- ^ abHans Peter Duerr. 'Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozeß 4. Der erotische Leib'
- ^The Royal Gazette Vol. 58, Page 113. 21 January, B.E. 2484 (C.E. 1941). Retrieved 4 June 2010
- ^M. Smith. Physician at the Court of Siam (1947) p. 79 cited in Note 3 of Chapter: Southeast Asia in 'Der erotische Leib'
- ^'Traditional Dress'. Window to Chiang Mai. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- ^M.H.Mouhot, 'Travels in the Central parts of Indo-China, Cambodia and Laos' (1864)
- ^Rovere, Elizabeth. 'Culture and Tradition in the Arab Countries: American Returns Touched by the Land and the People'. The Habiba Chaouch Foundation. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^'Image of dancers at the Reed Dance festival 2011'. Kzn-media.photoshelter.com. 10 September 2011. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ ab'Aborigines' fury over topless ban'. BBC News. 27 February 2004.
- ^'About Moorea Island'. Tahiti Sun Travel. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
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- ^'Marshall Islands'. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^'Marshallese Culture'. Safaritheglobe.com. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
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- ^C. Willett and Phillis Cunnington, The History of Underclothes. London: Faber & Faber, 1981. ISBN978-0-486-27124-8
- ^ abcdLucy Gent and Nigel Llewellyn, eds., Renaissance Bodies: The Human Figure in English Culture c. 1540–1660. London: Reaktion Books, 1990.
- ^'French Caricature'. University of Virginia Health System. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
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- ^ abcHerold, E.S.; Corbesi, Bruna; Collins, John (1994). Corbesi, B., & Collins, J. 'Psychosocial aspects of female topless behavior on Australian beaches'. Journal of Sex Research. 31 (2): 133–142. doi:10.1080/00224499409551740.
- ^'Sixties City – Bringing on back the good times'. Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ^Borelli, Laird (17 September 2002). 'Imitation of Christ Runway Review'. Style.com.
- ^Herold, E.S.; Corbesi, Bruna; Collins, John (1994). Psychosocial aspects of female topless behavior on Australian beaches. Journal of Sex Research. 31. Corbesi, B., & Collins, J. pp. 133–142. doi:10.1080/00224499409551740. ISBN9781412913362.
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American laws compel sexually modest behavior.. By contrast to Western Europe, topless sunbathing is rarely permitted in the United States
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- ^Menkes, Suzy (18 July 1993). 'Runways: Remembrance of Thongs Past'. The New York Times.
- ^ abcdefgDavid Smith Allyn, Make love, not war, pages 23–29, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN0-415-92942-3
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.. the use of body doubles, even for attractive stars, is common.
- ^ abcdShteir, Rachel (1964). Striptease: The Untold History of the Girlie Show. East Pakistan Police Co-operative Society. pp. 318–321. ISBN978-0-19-512750-8.
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- ^Yalom (1998), p. 18.
- ^Hollander (1993), p. 6.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toplessness. |
- 'Revealing Mary' essay in History Today on popular topless depictions of Queen Mary II
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Seller:bestofrb(5,844)99.8%, Location:Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania, Ships to: US & many other countries, Item:202648312726Vintage Austin Productions Native American Woman Indian Sculpture Artist Signed. Shipped with USPS AVintage Artisan Signed, Austin Productions, Native American Woman Squaw Indian Southwest Sculpture c1983. Signed by the Artisan James Marshall, this Uniquely Sculpted portrayal of an Indian Squaw holding a basket in her lap is a natural Native American depiction. The iconic look of the 'Wild West'manages to meld together elements from multiple cultures and periods of history that translate to awide genre of dcor that rely heavily on the Traditional Style of the American Southwest. A nice piece for any Collection, it displays well and is nicely weighted at just under 7 pounds unboxed. 12-1/4' in Height 5-3/4' in Length 5' in Width Please see the photos for more details and thank you for your interest.
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AMERICAN INDIAN SCULPTURE, TIM WASHBURN, ALABASTER
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Native American alabaster sculpture, 'Daughter of the Chief ', signed TIm Washburn (Navajo, New Mexico, 20th/21st c), alabaster: 25'h, 8.5'w, 6.25'd, rotating stand: 2'h, 10.75'w, 10'd, total: 61lbs ***Note: This sculpture was commissioned by our consignor. Start Price: $600.00
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b Packing, handling and shipping of purchased lots is the sole responsibility and strictly at the option of the purchaser. Austin Auction Gallery does not provide packing or shipping services. We recommend purchasers consult with any one of the following companies. All such companies are independent of Austin Auction Gallery Ltd., and if contracted with or for, they will be acting as your agent. These shippers will pick up the goods at our facility at no additional charge to you. Austin Auction Gallery receives no compensation for shipping referrals. We urge you, the purchaser, to obtain shipping insurance and more than one shipping quote. Shippers known to be available are: br Postal Annex, 512-331-5855, e-mail: pa7012postalannex.combr The UPS Store, 512-418-0520, e-mail: store2548theupsstore.com br Craters Freighters, 888-520-1134, e-mail: austincratersandfreighters.combrNavis Packing Shipping, 888-388-5785, bryan.davisgonavis.com
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AUSTIN AUCTION GALLERYTERMS & CONDITIONS OF AUCTION 1. The offering and sale of property by Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd. is subject to the following conditions of sale that may be modified or supplemented by oral announcements prior to or during the sale. By bidding at this auction each purchaser and bidder agrees to be bound by these terms and conditions of sale. 2. All property is sold AS IS, WHERE IS, by lot and all bids are per lot as numbered in the catalog. ALL SALES ARE FINAL. All consignors have made written representation that they have good title to the property. Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd makes no independent warranty of title. All property is sold AS IS, and all warranties, express or implied, including without limitation, the implied warranties of MERCHANTABILITY and fitness of purpose are specifically disclaimed by Austin Auction Gallery and their consignors. CATALOG DESCRIPTIONS ARE STATEMENTS OF OPINION ONLY. Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd disclaims all warranties arising from a course of dealing and usage in the trade and descriptions published in the catalog as to condition and measurements. No warranty, express or implied is made as to the transference of intellectual property rights. Buyer assumes risk of loss upon being declared the high bidder. PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS LISTED IN THE CATALOG ARE APPROXIMATE AND PROVIDED ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF ESTIMATING SHIPPING COSTS.3. Bidders at the auction may bid in person, or, if they are pre-registered and approved by Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd., they may bid by written absentee bid, by telephone, or by using the Internet. Internet bidders should register at least two hours prior to the start of the auction. It is agreed Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd. will not be responsible for failure to execute absentee bids or electronic failures. The auctioneer reserves the right to reject a bid from any bidder. A lot will be sold to the highest bidder as determined in the sole and exclusive judgment of the auctioneer. Photos and descriptions have been posted on the Internet and we encourage telephone calls, e-mail or facsimile contact to ask questions. Internet bidders are encouraged to review each lot and be prepared to bid quickly. The auctioneer will, without liability, determine the bidding increments and maintains sole authority to resolve disputes. Lots may be auctioned with reserve, and auctioneer may advance the bidding on behalf of the seller?s reserve without further notice. Neither Consignors nor their agents, except as in the preceding sentence, are allowed to bid on their own items. High and low estimates found in the catalog are listed only for guide purposes.4. Bid Increments: MINIMUM VALUE MAXIMUM VALUE EXPECTED BID INCREMENTfrom US $0.00 to US $99.00 US $10.00 from US $100.00 to US $499.00 US $25.00 from US $500.00 to US $999.00 US $50.00 from US $1,000. to US $1,999.00 US $100.00 from US $2,000. to US $4,999.00 US $250.00 from US $5,000. to US $9,999.00 US $500.00 from US $10,000. to US $25,000 US $1,000.00 from US $25,000 to US $50,000 US $2500.00 from US $50,000 to US $150,000 US $5000 above US $150,000 And up US $10,0005. PAYMENT BY BIDDERSAll bidding and purchases at the auction will be in U.S. Dollars. For cataloged auctions a buyer's premium will be added to the successful non-Internet bids of 15%; for Internet bids a buyer's premium will be added to the successful bid of 18%; these amounts will be added to the amount of the successful bid price for lots purchased at the auction. In addition, buyers will be responsible to pay applicable State of Texas sales taxes. All Internet purchases must be paid in full within (5) days of completion of the auction. All other successful bidders must pay for purchases (in full) within one hour of the conclusion of the auction. Payment may be made in cash (U.S. Dollars), approved credit cards which are limited to Visa, MasterCard, Discover and American Express. AUSTIN AUCTION GALLERY DOES NOT ACCEPT PAYMENT THROUGH PAY-PAL. Checks are accepted only from Texas residents presenting a valid Texas Driver?s License issued by the Texas Department of Public Safety. Invoiced purchases in excess of $10,000 must be paid by bank wire transfer. Wire transfer instructions will be provided upon request.6. QUALIFIED STATEMENTS BY THE AUCTIONEER OR AUCTION COMPANY ARE OPINIONS, NOT REPRESENTATIONS OF WARRANTIES. Statements and descriptions contained in the catalog, bill of sale, invoice, by auctioneer or elsewhere as to the manufacturer, artisan authorship, period, culture, source, origin, measurement, quality, rarity, provenance, importance, historical relevance or physical condition ARE QUALIFIED STATEMENTS OF OPINION ONLY AND ARE NOT REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES. Descriptions provided in any printed catalog, Internet catalog or Internet information do not include condition reports. The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear, tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. It is recommended all prospective bidders examine carefully all items in which they have an interest. You are welcome to inspect in person all items during our published inspection hours, and/or by appointment. We will assist you personally or by telephone, providing a physical description and our opinion. If you require absolute certainty in all areas of authenticity and description, we recommend you have an expert of your choice examine and research the item or lot for you OR that you do not bid on the item in question. By placing a bid, either in person, by phone, absentee or by Internet, you signify you have examined the items as fully as you desire to, or, you have chosen not to examine them. ALL SALES ARE FINAL. All lots are sold As-Is, Where-Is.Jewelry items are not returnable for any reason after they leave the auction premises, ALL SALES ARE FINAL.No employee of Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd. is authorized to make on its' behalf or on behalf of the Consignor, any representations or warranty, oral or written, with respect to the property to be auctioned. Austin Auction Gallery has relied substantially upon information provided by its Consignors to describe the auction lots. Austin Auction Gallery reserves the right to withdraw any lot at any time before it is sold.7. REMOVAL OF PROPERTY AFTER PURCHASEALL PAID FOR PROPERTY SHALL BE REMOVED FROM OUR PREMISES AT THE PURCHASER'S EXPENSE NO LATER THAN 5:00 PM ON THE MONDAY FOLLOWING THE SALE DATE, except Internet bidders. Internet purchases must be picked up within 21 calendar days of the auction. If purchases are not picked up within the specified time periods, beneficial bailee rights of the purchaser cease and a storage fee of $25.00 per lot, per day will be payable to Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd. by the purchaser. Further, after the required pickup dates, Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd., may transfer the property to a public warehouse at the purchaser's risk and expense or, at the option of Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd., the property may be sold at private or public auction, without notice to the previous purchaser and all the proceeds from such sale will be retained by Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd. as liquidated damages and storage fees. If merchandise belonging to a purchaser is lost by fire, theft, damage or any other reason, prior to the purchaser taking possession of same within the above specified time periods, the liability of Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd shall be limited to the actual amount paid for the same at the auction wherein it was acquired and shall in no event include any incidental or consequential damages. AUSTIN AUCTION GALLERY IS NOT A STORAGE FACILITY. 8. SHIPPING INFORMATION Packing, handling and shipping of purchased lots is the sole responsibility and strictly at the option of the purchaser. Austin Auction Gallery does not provide packing or shipping services. We recommend purchasers consult with any one of the following companies. All such companies are independent of Austin Auction Gallery Ltd., and if contracted with or for, they will be acting as your agent. These shippers will pick up the goods at our facility at no additional charge to you. Austin Auction Gallery receives no compensation for shipping referrals. We urge you, the purchaser, to obtain shipping insurance and more than one shipping quote. Shippers known to be available are: Postal Annex, 512-331-5855, e-mail: [email protected] The UPS Store, 512-418-0520, e-mail: [email protected] Craters & Freighters, 888-520-1134, e-mail: [email protected] Packing & Shipping, 888-388-5785, [email protected]. AUCTIONEERThe auctioneer(s) conducting this auction are licensed by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, P.O. Box 12157, Austin, Texas, 512-463-6599 and protected through a recovery fund administered by this department. Any unresolved complaint can be directed to this department. The auctioneer in charge is Ross Featherston, License 8069. All disputes that may arise by virtue of and/or under the contractual relationship by and between the parties to this agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of Texas. The venue of any legal action that may arise between the parties to these agreements and/or the auction proceedings conducted by Austin Auction Gallery, Ltd. will be in Travis County, Texas. Any cause of action and/or suit of any kind arising between the parties hereto (to include auctioneer, auction company, consignor or purchasers of goods at auction) must be commenced within one (1) year from the date the cause of action accrues or it will be forever barred. The right of action or suit will accrue and the one (1) year limitation period will begin to run, on the date of the breach, damage or injury is sustained and not when the resulting cost, damage, harm or loss is discovered.10. Purchasers hereby give irrevocable permission for Austin Auction Gallery to charge the credit card that they may have submitted with their request to participate in auctions, for any and all purchases made by them at this auction.11. Firearm sales must comply with applicable Texas & Federal regulations, and a ?DENIED? status issued by the NICS System will not cancel the successful bidders obligations purchase payment. Firearm purchases not picked up in person must be transferred to a FFL Licensee. BUYER AGREES TO HOLD HARMLESS AUSTIN AUCTION GALLERY, IT?S AUCTIONEERS AND EMPLOYEES FROM ANY LIABILITY RESULTING FROM THE PURCHASE OF INHERENTLY DANGEROUS PRODUCTS. The cost of shipping and transfer from Austin Auction Gallery to the designated FFL Licensee is $45.00 for each firearm. ALL SALES ARE FINAL. All items are offered subject to federal, state and C.I.T.E.S. treaty requirements.THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS THE ENTIRE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES, AUSTIN AUCTION GALLERY LTD. AND IT'S EMPLOYEES, CONSIGNOR AND PURCHASER OR SUPPOSED PURCHASER AT AUCTION.
Bid Increments
$0$10
$500$50
$2,000$250
$10,000$1,000
$50,000$5,000
Estimate $800 - $1,200Jul 13, 2013
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